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  S ocial Stratification: Meaning and Concept Social stratification refers to the structured and hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on various social, economic, and political criteria. It is a universal feature of human society where people are categorized into different strata or layers, and these layers determine access to resources, privileges, and power. Stratification leads to social inequalities that are passed from one generation to another, thereby maintaining the structure of society. Social stratification is not random but follows a patterned system where certain criteria such as caste, class, race, gender, and religion determine one’s position. This stratification shapes individuals' life chances, including access to education, healthcare, employment, and social status. Types of Social Stratification Caste System: A rigid form of stratification found mainly in India. Status is ascribed by birth and is hereditary. Mobility b...

  1.       Types of Socialization Socializations can be classified into two categories: 1.        Primary Socialization 2.        Secondary Socialization 3.        Anticipatory Socialization This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals. The basic physical needs such as thirst, hunger etc. are called primary needs while secondary needs are those which emerge to meet primary needs e.g., the need for learning skills to earn livelihood. 1.1.     Primary Socialization                                                        Image: Primary Socialization Primary socialization is related with the satisfaction of Basic needs (Primary needs) such...

 1. Meaning of Socialization Socialization is a process in which a person interacts with others and shape as well as mold his/her personality according to the prescribed norms of a society. 1.1      Definitions of Socialization Followings are some important definitions of socialization by well-known sociologists.   D Macionis “The life long process by which as individual becomes the proper member of society and develops human characteristics.”   Horton and Hunt “It is a learning process in which groups interact and learn social norms also develop his/her self.”   Definition of Socialization according to Ogburn: “It is the process of learning the norms of the group and society “   MacIver: “It is the process through which social beings develops relationships and association with each other.”   Bogardus: “A process of learning to live and work together is called socialization.”   Vijay Anand “Socializ...