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  S ocial Stratification: Meaning and Concept Social stratification refers to the structured and hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on various social, economic, and political criteria. It is a universal feature of human society where people are categorized into different strata or layers, and these layers determine access to resources, privileges, and power. Stratification leads to social inequalities that are passed from one generation to another, thereby maintaining the structure of society. Social stratification is not random but follows a patterned system where certain criteria such as caste, class, race, gender, and religion determine one’s position. This stratification shapes individuals' life chances, including access to education, healthcare, employment, and social status. Types of Social Stratification Caste System: A rigid form of stratification found mainly in India. Status is ascribed by birth and is hereditary. Mobility b...

  1.       Types of Socialization Socializations can be classified into two categories: 1.        Primary Socialization 2.        Secondary Socialization 3.        Anticipatory Socialization This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals. The basic physical needs such as thirst, hunger etc. are called primary needs while secondary needs are those which emerge to meet primary needs e.g., the need for learning skills to earn livelihood. 1.1.     Primary Socialization                                                        Image: Primary Socialization Primary socialization is related with the satisfaction of Basic needs (Primary needs) such...

 1. Meaning of Socialization Socialization is a process in which a person interacts with others and shape as well as mold his/her personality according to the prescribed norms of a society. 1.1      Definitions of Socialization Followings are some important definitions of socialization by well-known sociologists.   D Macionis “The life long process by which as individual becomes the proper member of society and develops human characteristics.”   Horton and Hunt “It is a learning process in which groups interact and learn social norms also develop his/her self.”   Definition of Socialization according to Ogburn: “It is the process of learning the norms of the group and society “   MacIver: “It is the process through which social beings develops relationships and association with each other.”   Bogardus: “A process of learning to live and work together is called socialization.”   Vijay Anand “Socializ...

1.     Concept of education Etymologically, the word "Education" is derived from the Latin words "educare" and "educere". Educare refers to "to bring up' or "to nourish", whereas the word 'educere" means to "to bring forth" or "to drag out". Hence, education refers to something that brings up or out what is hidden inside of a man As Vivekananda said "education is the manifestation of divine perfection already existing in man" According to the Upanishad "education is that used in product is salvation" 2.     Education as a sub-system of society Education itself is a system as well as a subsystem of Society. 3.1 Education as a system Education is a system itself. Its units are Teachers, Universities, Collages, Boards, Educational Bodies like UGC, NTA, IGNOU, NCERT, SCERT, Education Ministry etc. each of these units have different Functions such as Education ministry and UGC ...

  1.    Concept of System A system is a set of interrelated units. Units ·          Units may be People, buildings, animals, beliefs, Laws etc. ·          Each unit is related to and dependent upon other unit within the same system. ·          A change in one unit may bring change in another unit or in the whole system. ·          Each unit has function of their own which is different from other units. Despite of having different functions, every unit collectively work towards achieving a common goal of the system. Hence the functioning of the system depends on the functioning of every unit. The system function towards attainments of Certain Goal. Example of a system is Respiratory system. Units of respiratory system are lungs, Nose, Trachea, Diaphragm etc. these all perform different functions but ...